OT 3114 - WISDOM LITERATURE

Fall Quarter, 2007

 

Diane Jacobson, Professor                                           Lecture – Tuesday, 10:40-12:30

Bockman 104C, ext. 268                                            Precepts – #1 Thursday, 10:40- 11:30;

      #2 Thursday, 11:40- 12:30

      #3 Online

 

PURPOSE

To explore the continual biblical search for truth, meaning, and the right path as reflected in the wisdom writings of the Old Testament, Apocrypha, and New Testament.  These writings are studied with particular attention to issues of discipleship, pastoral care, mission, and biblical theology.

 

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

1. Regular preparation for and participation in class discussions, paying particular attention to assignments for precepts

2. A mini aural report (written optional) on an individual proverb due Sept.20.

4. Take on the persona of one of Job’s four friends and prepare to argue your part on Oct.11.

5. Post a review of an article on Job due Oct.25.  Read other posted reviews.

6. A 1-2 page paper answering questions about Job, due Nov.1.

7. A 2-3 page reflection paper on Qoheleth in Various Contexts, due Tuesday, Nov.8.

8. A mini oral/written report on wisdom in a book in the New Testament due Tuesday, Dec.6.

9. A one page preview explaining your major paper topic and listing some of the resources you will be using for the paper due no later than Dec 11.

10. A 10- to 15-page paper, due on or before December 18, on a specific issue raised by studying wisdom literature, such as:

-         wisdom and experience, law, creation, mission, or science;

-         a specific subject related to Proverbs, Job, Qoheleth, or another wisdom book;

-         wisdom in the New Testament;

-         an area of your choice, selected in consultation with the professor.

N.B. For those taking this course as a ½ course rather than a full course, you need not write the final paper (#9-10).  You need not do a report on an article on Job (#5).  You can choose between one of the smaller papers on Job or Qoheleth (#6 or #7).  So, you will have four assignments to do: #2, #4, #6 or #7, and #8.

 

An extensive bibliography (always in need of updating!), available on-line at http://www.luthersem.edu/djacobso, should be consulted as you work on this final paper. 

 

TEXTBOOKS

Required:

Brown, William. Character in Crisis: A Fresh Approach to the Wisdom Literature of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996.

Crenshaw, James. Old Testament Wisdom, revised and enlarged.  Louisville: Westminster, 1998.

Recommended:

Recommended Commentaries on Proverbs, Job, and Qoheleth

Brown, William P. Ecclesiastes. Louisville: John Knox, 2000. Interpretation

Clifford, Richard J. Proverbs. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1999.

(Catholic; Old Testament Library, Scholarly.  Good on rhetoric.  Can be helpful at times.)

Davis, Ellen F. Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 2000. 
(Episcopalian; Westminster Bible Commentary, Straightforward.  Written for laity.  Good insights.  Ecological and churchly concerns evident.)

Fox, Michael V. Proverbs 1-9. Anchor Bible 18A. New York: Doubleday, 2000.

(Jewish; Anchor Bible Most scholarly of all.  Can learn a great deal.  Has strong opinions, not always correct.)

Garrett, Duane A. Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs. Nashville: Broadman, 1993.

(Baptist; New American Commentary, Helpful for literary analysis and structural issues)

Habel, Norman. The Book of Job. Phil.: Westminster, 1985.

Keck, Leander E. et al. New Interpreter's Bible: The Book of Proverbs, the Book of Ecclesiastes, the Song of Songs, the Book of Wisdom, the Book of Sirach. Nashville: Abingdon, 1997. Perdue, Leo G. Proverbs. Louisville: John Knox, 2000.

            (President and prof at Brite Civinity School, Texas Christian University; Interpretation.  My favorite of the commentaries on Proverbs.  Balanced. Scholarly and Churchly.  Good section on “features of sapiential imagination.”)

 Seow, Choon-Leong.  Ecclesiastes. New York: Doubleday, 1997. 

 Van Leeuwen, Raymond C. in Leander E. Keck et al. New Interpreter's Bible: The Book of Proverbs, the Book of Ecclesiastes, the Song of Songs, the Book of Wisdom, The Book of Sirach. Nashville: Abingdon, 1997.

            (Prof at Eastern College in Pennsylvania; The New Interpreter’s Bible.  Helpful.  Balanced.  Often insightful.  A good book for your library.)

 

Other Highly Recommended Books:

Brenner, Athalya. A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature. Sheffield: Sheffield Press, 1995.

Camp, Claudia. Wisdom and the Feminine in the Book of Proverbs.  Decatur: Almond (JSOT), 1985.

Collins, J J.  Jewish Wisdom in the Hellenistic Age. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1997.

Luther, Martin. Notes on Ecclesiastes.  Luther's Works. Jaroslav Pelikan. St. Louis: Concordia, 1972.

McKinlay, Judith E. Gendering Wisdom the Host: Biblical Invitations to Eat and Drink. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996.

Murphy, Roland E. The Tree of Life: An Exploration of Biblical Wisdom Literature. New York: Doubleday, 1990.

Perdue, Leo & Gilpin, W.C., ed. The Voice From the Whirlwind. Nashville: Abingdon, 1992.

Witherington III, Ben. Jesus the Sage: the Pilgrimage of Wisdom. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1994.

 

 

In addition, biblical reading and a number of articles are listed as required or recommended reading throughout the course.  See specific class assignments and on-line bibliography.

 

 

Fall 2007 CLASS SCHEDULE

 

Tues., Sept. 11

Lecture #1

Intro: What is Wisdom, Who is Wise, and How Does One Read a Proverb?

Sept. 13

Precept #1

Considering Wisdom

 

Tues., Sept. 18

Lecture #2

Proverbs 10-31: Introduced and Explored

Sept. 20

Precept #2

Proverbs 10-30: Proverbial Sharing

 

Tues., Sept. 25

Lecture #3

Proverbs 1-9: Instruction and Wisdom Speeches

Sept. 27

Precept #3

Proverbs 10-30: Proverbial Sharing Continued

 

Tues., Oct.2

Lecture #4

Proverbs 1-9, 31: Woman Wisdom and Woman Folly

Oct. 4

Precept #4

Considering Proverbs 1-9

 

Tues., Oct. 9

Lecture #5

Job: The Book, The Prologue, and The Lament

Oct. 11

Precept #5

Job: The Friends

 

Tues., Oct. 16

Lecture #6

Job: Job’s Case

Oct. 18

Precept #6

A Job: Reading Texts with One Another

 

Tues., Oct. 23

NO CLASS

--Reading Days

Oct. 25

Precept #6B Online

Write a review of one article you have read on Job.

 

Tues., Oct. 30

Lecture #7

Job: God's Answer, Job's Response

Nov. 1

Precept #7 Online

Job: Sharing your answers to questions about Job

 

Tues., Nov.6

Lecture #8

Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes): What's it all about and is there Hope?

Nov. 8

Precept #8

Qoheleth: Reading Texts

 

Tues., Nov. 13

Lecture #9

Sirach (Ecclesiasticus): History, Culture, and Woman Wisdom As well as Wisdom in the Psalms

Nov. 15

Precept #9

Sirach (Ecclesiasticus): On History and Women

 

Tues., Nov. 27

Lecture #10

Issues of Canon; Wisdom at Qumran; Baruch Wisdom of Solomon: Wisdom Encounters Hellenism

Nov. 29

Precept #10

Reading Texts in Wisdom of Solomon

 

Tues., Dec. 4

Lecture #11

Wisdom in Judaism and Intro to Wisdom in the New Testament

Dec. 6

Precept #11

Sharing insights about Wisdom in the New Testament

 

Tues., Dec. 11

Lecture #12

New Testament: Jesus Speaks Wisdom/ Jesus is Wisdom

Dec. 13

Precept #12

Exploring Wisdom in the New Testament

 

Tues., Dec. 18

Lecture #13

Wisdom, Experience, Jesus, Canon, Mission, Theology

 

 

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

(On-Line Precept, see your own tailored precept assignments)

 

Tues., Sept. 11

Lecture #1

Intro: What is Wisdom, Who is Wise, and How Does One Read a Proverb?

Th., Sept. 13

Precept #1

Considering Wisdom

 

Tues., Sept. 18

Lecture #2

Proverbs 10-31: Introduced and Explored

            Required reading: 

            - Read Proverbs 10-31 using NRSV, NIV and/or one of the Proverbs Commentaries which are listed above.

            - Crenshaw, 1-79; Brown, 1-21.

            Recommended Reading:

            - Berlin, Adele. “Parallelism,” Anchor Bible Dictionary, 5, 155-160.

- Collins, John J. “Proverbial Wisdom and the Yahwist Vision” Semeia, #17, 1980

- Jacobson, Diane, “What is Wisdom? Who is She?” Word & World, 7, 1987, 241-244.

- States, Bert O. “Troping Through Proverbs,” American Scholar (Summer, 2001): 105-112.

 

Th., Sept. 20

Precept #2

Proverbial Sharing

Th., Sept. 27

Precept #3

Proverbial Sharing Continued

            Oral (and optional written) Assignment: Pick out one proverb from your reading of Proverbs 10-31 that you find particularly meaningful and/or interesting.  Use whatever Hebrew you have to study the proverb.  Compare at least three translations and read about your proverb in some of the newer commentaries or other books. Consider the proverb's meaning for you personally, for today's society, for the church, etc.  Be prepared to make a 5- to 10-minute presentation on your proverb to the class.  If you wish, write a one-to-two page paper or develop a handout on your proverb.  You might want to look over the questions for the on-line precept group.

 

Tues., Sept. 25

Lecture #3

Proverbs 1-9: Instruction and Wisdom Speeches

Tues., Oct. 2

Lecture #4

Woman Wisdom and Woman Folly

Th., Oct. 4

Precept #4

Considering Proverbs 1-9

            Required Reading: 

            - Proverbs 1-9; Job 28

            - Crenshaw, 80-82; Brown, 22-49; McKinlay, 11-132.

            Recommended Reading:

            - Brenner, A. A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature. Sheffield: Sheffield, 1995.

            - Camp, C. Wisdom and the Feminine in the Book of Proverbs. Sheffield: JSOT, 1985.

- Camp, C. “What's So Strange About the Strange Woman?” The Bible and the Politics of Exegesis. D. Jobling, P. L. Day, and G. Sheppard, Cleveland: Pilgrim, 1991, 17-31.

- Camp, C. “Woman Wisdom As Root Metaphor: A Theological Consideration.” The Listening Heart: Essays in Wisdom and the Psalms in Honor of Roland E. Murphy, ed J.Hoglund, K.Huwiler, E.Glass. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1987.

- Hadley, Judith M. “From Goddess to Literary Construct: The Transformation of Asherah into Hokmah.” A Feminist Companion to Reading the Bible: Approaches, Methods, and Strategies, ed. Athalya Brenner, and C. Fontaine, 360-399. Sheffield: Sheffield Press, 1997.

- Washington, Harold C. “The Strange Woman of Proverbs 1-9 and Post-Exilic Judaean Society.” A Feminist Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed Athalya Brenner, 157-84.  Sheffield: Sheffield, 1995

 

Tues., Oct. 9

Lecture #5

Job: The Book, The Prologue, and The Lament

Th., Oct. 11

Precept #5

Job: The Friends

            Precept Assignment: Take on the persona of one of Job’s four friends.  To prepare to argue as that friend become familiar with one of the following sets of chapters: Eliphaz (4-5; 15; 22); Bildad (8; 18; 25); Zophar (11; 20); or Elihu (32-37)

 

Tues., Oct. 16

Lecture #6

Job: Job’s Case

Th., Oct. 18

Precept #6A

Job: Reading Texts with One Another

Th., Oct. 25

Precept #6B Online

Write a review of one article you have read on Job.

Precept Assignment: See suggested articles below or choose an article from the bibliography on my web page http://www.luthersem.edu/djacobso

 

Tues., Oct. 30

Lecture #7

Job: God's Answer, Job's Response

Th., Nov. 1

Precept #7 Online

Job: Sharing your answers to questions about Job

            Online Written Assignment: Answering Questions about Job. 

Answer 2 of the following 4 questions:

1. In the Prologue of Job we are introduced to three major characters: Job, God, and the Satan. Choose a characteristic or trait of each of the three and speak about how that trait or speech raises questions that are addressed throughout the book.  Do you think the issues raised are resolved or adequately addressed?

2. Discuss some aspect of God's response in Job 38‑41 specifically in terms of this response's answering or resolving any of the poem's formal or theological movements.

3. Picture yourself in a grocery store parking lot collecting charity for a new half-way house being sponsored by your home congregation.  A distraught woman first drops some money into your collection can and then turns and says, “So you clearly are a religious leader.  What is God up to any way?  He is supposed to be a loving father.  How can he let his children suffer?  Why doesn’t God do something?”  What might you respond and how would your response be informed by your study of the book of Job?

4. How does the book of Job speak to us about the worldwide AIDS epidemic?

 

Required Reading:

            - All of the Book of Job.

            - Introduction in Habel, Norman, The Book of Job, 21-69.

            - Crenshaw, 89-115.; Brown, 50-119.

            - Two of the following:

            - Fingarette, Herbert. “The Meaning of Law in the Book of Job,” Hastings Law Journal, 29, 1978, 1581-1617.

- LaCocque, André. He Deconstruction of Job’s Fundamentalism, Journal of Biblical Literature 126:1, 2007, 83-97.

            - Newsom, Carol A.  “The Moral Sense of Nature: Ethics in the Light of God’s Speech to Job.”  Princeton Seminary Bulletin ns 15 no 1 1994: 9-27.

- Tsevat, M., “The Meaning of the Book of Job” in Crenshaw, Studies in ..., 341-374.

 

            Also read as much of the following book as possible.

            - Perdue, Leo & Gilpin, W.C., ed. The Voice of the Whirlwind. Nashville: Abingdon, 1992.
            Note particularly the following articles:

            - Habel, Norman. “In Defense of God the Sage,” 21-38.

            - Mettinger, Tryggve. “The God of Job: Avenger, Tyrant, or Victor?,” 39-49.

            - Gilkey, Langdon. “Power, Order, Justice, and Redemption: Theological Comments on Job,” 159-171.

 

Tues., Nov.6

Lecture #8

Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes): What's it all about and is there Hope?

Th., Nov. 8

Precept #8

Qoheleth: Reading Texts, reflection paper on Qoheleth due

            Required reading:

            - All of the book of Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes)

            - Crenshaw, 116-139; 184-204; Brown, 120-150. 

            - Luther on Ecclesiastes, Vol. 15, pp.12ff. (Intro and comments on chapters 1-3)

            Recommended reading: 

            - Murphy, “The Faith of Qoheleth,” Word & World, 253-60.

- Priest, John. “Humanism, Skepticism, and Pessimism in Israel.” JAAR 36 (1968) 311-26. 

            - Sheppard, G., “The Epilogue to Qohelet as Theological Commentary,” CBQ 39:182-189.

            - Seow, Choon-Leong. Ecclesiastes. New York: Doubleday, 1997.

            - Williams, J., “What Does it Profit A Man?: The Wisdom of Koheleth” in Crenshaw, Studies in . . ., 375-389.

            - Whybray, R.N. “Qoheleth, Preacher of Joy,” JSOT, 23, 1982, 87-98.

           

Written Assignment: Reflection Paper on Qoheleth:

Decide on a specific context (youth group meeting, adult retreat, college class, etc.) in a specific congregation or other setting.  Write a 2-3 page paper first briefly describing this real or imagined context and considering what might be some of the missional challenges of this setting.  Then reflect on how a study of, sermon on, meditation using Qoheleth might be of help in or speak to this situation. 

 

Tues., Nov. 13

Lecture #9

Sirach(Ecclesiasticus): History, Culture, and Woman Wisdom As well as Wisdom in the Psalms

Th., Nov. 15

Precept #9

Sirach(Ecclesiasticus): On Women

            Required reading:

- All of Sirach

            - Psalms 1, 19, 32-34, 111, 112, 119

- Crenshaw, 140-164.

            - Mays, James L. “The Place of Torah Psalms in the Psalter,” JBL, 106, 1987, 3-12.

            - Ceresko, Anthony, “The Sage in the Psalms,” in Gammie, J. and Perdue, L., ed., The Sage in Israel and the Ancient Near East..., 217-230.

            Recommended Reading:  

            - Collins, J.J. Jewish Wisdom in the Hellenistic Age. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1997, 21-131.

            - Di Lella, A. “Conservative and Progressive Theology: Sirach and Wisdom,” in Crenshaw, Studies in ...., 401-416.

- Gammie, John, “The Sage in Sirach,” in Gammie, John and Perdue, Leo, ed., The Sage in Israel and the Ancient Near East, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990, 355-372.

- Sanders, Jack T.  Ben Sira and Demotic Wisdom, 1983.   

            - Trenchard, Warren.  Ben Sira's View of Women, 1982.

 

Tues., Nov. 27

Lecture #10

Issues of Canon; Wisdom at Qumran; Baruch; Wisdom of Solomon: Wisdom Encounters Hellenism

Th., Nov. 29

Precept #10

Reading Texts in Wisdom of Solomon

            Required reading:

            - All of Wisdom of Solomon

- Baruch 1-5

            - Crenshaw, 165-183.

            Recommended Reading:  

            - Collins, J.J. Jewish Wisdom in the Hellenistic Age. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1997, 133-232.

            - Di Lella, A. “Conservative and Progressive Theology: Sirach and Wisdom,” in Crenshaw, Studies in ...., 401-416.

- Gammie, John, “The Sage in Sirach,” in Gammie, John and Perdue, Leo, ed., The Sage in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990, 355-372.

- Harrelson, Walter. “Wisdom Hidden and Revealed According to Baruch (Baruch 3:9-4:4).” Priests, Prophets, and Scribes: Essays on the Formation and Heritage of Second Temple Judaism in Honour of Joseph Blenkinsopp. Ed E. Ulrich, J.W. Wright, R.P. Caroll, and P. R. Davies, 158-71. JSOT Supplement Series, 149. Sheffield: Sheffield, 1992.

- Harrington, Daniel J. “Wisdom at Qumran.” Community of the Renewed Covenant: The NotreDame Symposium on the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed Eugene Ulrich, and James VanderKam, 137-52. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 1994.

- Harrington, D. Wisdom Texts From Qumran. N.Y.: Routledge, 1996.

- Winston, David. Wisdom of Solomon. Anchor Bible, Garden City: Doubleday, 1979.

 

Tues., Dec.4

Lecture #11

Wisdom in Judaism and Intro to Wisdom in the New Testament

Th., Dec.6

Precept #11

Sharing insights about Wisdom in the New Testament

 

            Oral Assignment:

            - Look for wisdom influence in one of the following:

                        - Matthew

                        - Luke

                        - Paul: I Corinthians, Romans

                        - Colossians, Ephesians

                        - James

 

Tues., Dec. 11

Lecture #12

New Testament: Jesus Speaks Wisdom/ Jesus is Wisdom

 

            Required reading:

- Gese, Hartmut. “Wisdom, Son of Man, and the Origins of Christology: The Consistent Development of Biblical Theology.” Horizons in Biblical Theology 3 (1981): 23-58.

- Jacobson, Diane. “Jesus As Wisdom in the New Testament.” The Quest for Jesus and the Christian Faith, ed. Fred Gaiser, 72-93, St.Paul: Luther Seminary, 1997.

And from at least two of the following:

            - Brown, 151-164

            - McKinlay, 179-237

            - Bouzard, W.C.  “The Theology of Wisdom in Romans 1 & 2,” Word & World, 1987, 281-291.

            - Davis, James.  Wisdom and Spirit:  An Investigation of I Cor 1:18-3:20, 1985.

            - Fuller, Reginald and Perkins, Pheme. “Wisdom Traditions and Christology” in Who is This Christ?, 1983, 53-66.

- Johnson, Elizabeth A. She Who Is. N.Y.: Crossroad, 1993.

            - Lefebure, Leo D. “The Wisdom of God, parts 1 & 2,” Christian Century, Oct.19 & 26, 1994.

- Perdue, L. “The Wisdom Sayings of Jesus.” Foundations & Facets Forum 2, 3 (1986): 3-35.

            - Perkins, Pheme. “Jesus, God's Wisdom,” Word & World, 1987, 273-280.

- Scott, B.B., “Jesus as Sage: An Innovating Voice in Common Wisdom,” in Gammie, John and Perdue, Leo, ed., The Sage …., Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990, 399-416.

- Wilken, Robert. Aspects of Wisdom in Judaism and Early Christianity. Notre Dame: Notre Dame, 1975. BS1455.A7

            - Witherington, Ben. Jesus The Sage, Minn.: Augsburg, 1994.

 

Th., Dec.13

Precept #12

Exploring Wisdom in the New Testament

Tues., Dec. 18

Lecture #13

Wisdom, Experience, Jesus, Canon, Mission, Theology,

            Recommended Reading:                   

            - Perdue, Leo, “Cosmology and the Social Order in the Wisdom Tradition,” in ... The Sage in Israel and the Ancient Near East, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990, 457-478.  

 

            Written Assignment:

A 10- to 15-page paper, due on or before December 18, on a specific issue raised by studying wisdom literature, such as:

-         wisdom and experience, law, creation, mission, or science;

-         a specific subject related to Proverbs, Job, Qoheleth, or another wisdom book;

-         wisdom in the New Testament;

-         an area of your choice, selected in consultation with the professor.