CM6445 Church and State in the African Context

Fall Semester 2007 (Half course/First 6 Week Session)

Room: NW 232 Day: R Time: 9:00AM-12:30PM

Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Frieder Ludwig

Office: Bockman 122, 641-3290; fludwig@luthersem.edu

Course Description: Using Tanzania as a case study, this course will examine different periods in the relationship between church and state since independence (1961). Special attention will be given to the church-state cooperation that developed under Tanzania’s first President, Julius Nyerere, whose charismatic leadership was influential for the whole of sub-Saharan Africa. New directions, taken in response to emerging movements and the increasing tensions between Christians and Muslims, also will be analyzed.

REQUIRED READINGS

Stephen Ellis, The Mask of Anarchy, New York University Press, 1999

Adrian Hastings, A History of African Christianity, Cambridge University Press, 1979

Paul Gifford, African Christianity, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998

Frieder Ludwig, Church & State in Tanzania, Leiden: Brill 1999

COURSE SCHEDULE:

Theme

Literature

Case Studies/Presentations

09/13

Introduction

Hastings, 1-34,86-107

Ludwig, 1999, 1-52

Korieh/Njoku

Ellis/ter Haar

Religious Thought and Political Practice in Africa

Mission and Colonialism

African Churches and National Movements

09/20

The Churches and Nation-building

Hastings, 131-158, 184-223

Ludwig, 1999, 61-168

Chepkwony

Ujamaa in Tanzania

__________________

Kenya under Kenyatta and Moi

_________________

09/27

Christian Churches and Democratization Processes

The Significance of Charismatic Christianity

Hastings in Gifford, 36-46

Gifford, 1-111

Asamoah-Gyadu, 9-35

Dickson in Gifford, 1994, 261 –275

Ludwig, 281-226

Tanzania after Ujamaa

________________

The Democratization in Ghana

________________

10/04

The Church Struggle in South Africa

Borer

Elphick/Davenport, 135-194,370-400

De Gruchy

De Gruchy/Villa-Vicencio

The Struggle against Apartheid

________________

Post-Apartheid South Africa

_________________

10/11

Christian-Muslim Relations and the State:

Ador

Ahanotu

An-Na’im

Deng

Ludwig 2008

Sanneh

10/18

Civil Wars

Global Networks

Ellis

Gifford in Gifford, 276-291

Smith

The Liberian Diaspora in Minnesota

________________

US-American Protestantism & Africa

________________

South-South Networks

_________________

REQUIREMENTS & EVALUATION: The seminar will follow the tradition of the German seminar style (as the instructor learned it in Heidelberg and Munich). Each session will include substantial presentations by seminar participants. Each seminar participant is required to complete the following requirements with the relative values demonstrated (100 points). .

1. Seminar Participation (25 points)

2. Presentations (25 points)

3. Paper (50 points)

SEMINAR PAPER: Students will write a seminar research paper on a topic of their choice. They will choose this topic with the approval of the instructor. In the paper they will critically examine a subject, scholarly work, figure, or line of argument of their choice related to the problems and issues related to their work as a doctoral student and teacher of the church. The final draft of the paper is due by 5:00 p.m. in the instructors’ faculty box in Gullixson Hall, on October 19^th, 2007. Students will be expected to carefully exposit a major subject, scholarly work, or figure from those surveyed in the course. This exposition should evidence ample attending and listening to the source materials before engaging in overt critique and integration into a line of argument. Papers shall be typed, single-spaced of 10-12 pages in length.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Samuel N. Ador, “Sharia: historical and contemporary perspectives in the Sudan”, in: Johnson A. Mbillah, John A. Chesworth, From the cross to the crescent, Nairobi 2004

J A.M. Ahanotu Religion and Society in Contemporary Africa (New York etc. 1992)

Abdullahi a. An-naim, “Islam and National Integration in the Sudan”, in: John O. Hunwick (ed.), Religion and National Integration in Africa. Islam, Christianity and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria, Evanston 1992, 11-37

J.F.A. Ajayi & E.A. Ayandele ‘Writing African Church History’ in:The Church Crossing Frontiers (Lund 1969)

J. Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu, African Charismatics. Current developments within Independent Indigenous Pentecostalism in Ghana, Leiden 2005

Louw Alberts & Frank Chikane, The Road to Rustenburg. The Church looking forward to a new South Africa (Cape Town 1991)

J. Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu, African Charismatics. Current Developments within Independent Indigenous Pentecostalism in Ghana (Leiden; 2005)

David Barrett African Initiatives in Religion (London,1971)

Morten Boas, Kevin Dunn, African guerrillas: raging against the machine, (Boulder 2007)

Allan Boesak & Charles Villa-Vicencio When Prayer Makes News: Churches and Apartheid, a Call to Prayer (Philadelphia, 1986).

Tristan Anne Borer, Challenging the state: churches as political actors in South Africa, 1980-1994 (Notre Dame, 1998)

Agnes Chepkwony, The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Development. A Study of the National Christian Council of Kenya 1963–1978 (Uppsala 1987).

Jean & John Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution

Francis M. Deng, A Three-Dimensional Approach to the conflict in the Sudan, in: John O. Hunwick (ed.), Religion and National Integration in Africa. Islam, Christianity and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria, Evanston 1992, 39-62

Stephen Ellis/Gerrie ter Haar, Worlds of Power. Religious Thought and Political Practice in Africa (London 2004)

Richard Elphick/Rodney Davenport, Christianity in South Africa. A Political, Social and Cultural History (Berkeley/Los Angeles, 1997)

John W. De Gruchy The Church Struggle in South Africa (Grand Rapids 1979, 1986, 2005)

John W. de Gruchy & Charles Villa-Vicencio, Apartheid is a heresy (Grand Rapids, 1983)

Paul Gifford Christianity and Politics in Doe’s Liberia (Cambridge 1993)

Paul Gifford, The Christian Churches and the Democratization of Africa (Leiden 1995)

Paul Gifford, African Christianity: its Public Role, London 1998

Paul Gifford Ghana’s New Christianity (Bloomington 2004)

C.P. Groves, The Planting of Christianity in Africa (4 vols, London1948-1958

C.F. Hallencreutz & A.M. Moyo Church and State in Zimbabwe (Gweru 1984)

Jehu Hanciles, Euthaniasia of a Mission. African Church Autonomy in a Colonial Context (London: 2002)

Holger Bernt Hansen & Michael Twaddle, Religion and Politics in East Africa (London 1995)

Holger Bernt Hansen & Michael Twaddle, Christian missionaries and the state in the Third World (Oxford 2002)

Adrian Hastings, African Christian Studies 1967–1999: Reflections of an Editor, in: Journal of Religion in Africa 30, 2000, S. 30–44; re-published in Frieder Ludwig/Afe Adogame, European Traditions in the Study of Religion in Africa, Wiesbaden 2004, S. 265–274

Adrian Hastings, The Church in Africa 1450–1950, London 1994

Adrian Hastings, A History of African Christianity 1950–1975, Cambridge 1979

A. Hastings Edward Fashole-Luke, Richard Gray, & Godwin Tasie Christianity in Independent Africa, London 1978

John O. Hunwick (ed.), Religion and National Integration in Africa. Islam, Christianity and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria, Evanston 1992, 11-37

Elizabeth Isichei, A History of Christianity in Africa: From Antiquity to Present, London 1994

Philip Jenkins The Next Christendom (Oxford, 2002)

Ogbu Kalu, Review of Paul Gifford, African Christianity. Its Public Role, in: International Bulletin of Missionary Research 24/1, 2000, p. 36.

O.U. Kalu, The third response. Pentecostalism and the Reconstruction of Christian Experience in Africa, 1970–1995, Journal of African Christian Thought 1:2, 1998, S. 3–16.

Ogbu Kalu, African Christianity: An African Story, 2005

Kivutha Kibwana, The role of Christians in politics in Africa today, Nairobi 2002

Samuel Kobia, The courage to hope: the roots for a new vision and the calling of the church in Africa (Geneva 2003)

Chima J. Korieh, Raphael Chijioke Njoku, Missions, states and European expansion in Africa, New York, 2007

M.H. Kukah, Religion, Politics and Power in Northern Nigeria, Ibadan 1993

Frieder Ludwig, Church and State in Tanzania (Leiden 1999)

J.N.K.Mugambi/Frank Kuerschner-Pelkmann, Church state relations: a challenge for African Christianity (Nairobi 2004)

Henry Okullu, Church and state in nation building and human development (Nairobi 2003)

J.K. Olupona, T. Falola (eds.), Religion and Society in Nigeria. Historical and Sociological Perspectives (Ibadan, Owerri, Kaduna 1991)

Isaac Phiri, Proclaiming political pluralism: churches and political transition in Africa (Westport 1991)

Terence O. Ranger, Are we not also men? The Samkange Family and African politics in Zimbabwe, 1920–1964 (London 1995).

T.O. Ranger, Connections between Primary Resistance Movements and Modern Mass Nationalism, Journal of African History 9, 1968

Lamin Sanneh. Abolitionists Abroad. American Blacks and the Making of Modern West Africa (Cambridge, Mass./London 1999)

Lamin Sanneh, “Shari’ah Sanctions as Secular Grace? A Nigerian Islamic Debate and an Intellectual Response”, in: Transformation 20/2003, 232-244,

L. Sanneh, “Sacred Truth and Secular Agency: Separate Immunity or Double Jeopardy? Shari’ah, Nigeria, and Interfaith Prospects”, in: Studies in World Christianity, 8/2002, pp. 31-62

Lamin Sanneh, “Religion, Politics and National Integration: A Comparative African perspective”, John O. Hunwick (ed.), Religion and National Integration in Africa. Islam, Christianity and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria, Evanston 1992, 151-166

R. Drew Smith, Freedom’s distant shores: American Protestants and post-colonial alliances with Africa (Waco 2006)

Brian Stanley (ed.), Missions, nationalism and the end of empire (Grand Rapids, 2003)

Bengt Sundkler Bantu Prophets in South Africa (Oxford 1948, 2 ed. 1961)

Bengt Sundkler & Christopher Steed A History of the Church in Africa (Cambridge 2000)